\def\thelstlisting{}

\documentclass[nocfonts]{nostarch}

\makeatletter
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \renewcommand \thelstlisting
       {\ifnum \c@chapter>\z@ \thechapter-\fi \@arabic\c@lstlisting}%
}
\makeatother

\usepackage{xepersian}
\settextfont{XB Niloofar}


\begin{document}

\chapter{تست}

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={تست}]
تست
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}